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Infectious disease screening

Stay ahead of serious infections with routine screening for hepatitis, HIV, and TB

Screening is the first line of defense against the spread of hepatitis, HIV, and tuberculosis (TB) and helps prevent chronic infections from becoming major health issues. Many people are unaware of their infection and may inadvertently spread disease. Additionally, there are many overlapping risk factors that may put patients at higher risk for coinfection. Consider routine screening for hepatitis, HIV, and TB as part of your overall preventive health strategy to stay ahead of serious infections.

Up to 2.4M people are chronically infected with HBV1

Over 93K new cases of chronic HCV were diagnosed during 20222

1.2M people are living with HIV3

15% increase in TB from 2022 to 20234

Recommended screening guidelines help you protect patients

Knowing which patients to screen is a crucial step toward stopping disease spread and preventing serious illness. Understanding a patient's status helps connect them to care more quickly and improve outcomes.

HBV and HCV

CDC guidelines recommend screening for:

  • All adults at least once in their lifetime5
  • All pregnant people during each pregnancy, preferably in the 1st trimester5
  • Infants born to HBV- or HCV-infected people5
  • People with continued risk for HBV and HCV should be screened periodically

Learn more about hepatitis screening

HIV

CDC guidelines recommend screening for:

  • All individuals ages 13–65 at least once6
  • People engaging in risky behaviors should get tested at least once every year7

Learn more about HIV screening

TB

The USPSTF recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in populations at increased risk8

Learn more about TB screening

Identifying overlapping risk factors and factoring in coinfection is crucial

  HBV HCV TB HIV
People who inject drugs or share needles X X X X
People with HIV infection X X X  
People with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of unknown origin X X    
People who are currently or have been incarcerated (or living in congregate settings) X   X  
People with a history of sexually transmitted infections or multiple sex partners X     X
People with HCV X   X  
People born in certain countries where HBV or TB is common X   X  
US-born people not vaccinated as infants whose parents were born in regions with HBV infection prevalence of >8% X      
Men who have sex with men X X   X
People who are on immunosuppressive therapy X   X  
People on dialysis, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis X   X  
Anyone who has ever received maintenance hemodialysis   X X  
Some recipients of transfusions or organ transplants   X X X
Healthcare, emergency medical, and public safety personnel after needle sticks, sharps, or mucosal exposures to HCV- and HIV-positive blood   X   X
People with diabetes mellitus     X  
Excess alcohol use     X  
Medically underserved and underinsured populations   X X X

The power of Quest

Comprehensive range of testing

With Quest on your side, you get access to more than 3,500 tests, ranging from routine flu and SARS-CoV-2 screening to highly specialized testing for complex diseases like HIV. Your patients can access the testing they need with one-visit testing for TB and tick-borne diseases that ensures immediate insights without loss to follow-up. 

Access to medical experts

We are committed to helping you deliver the best possible care to your patients. That’s why Quest Diagnostics has 700+ MDs, PhDs, and Genomic Science Specialists across the country who are available for consultations to help advise you on test selection and results interpretation.

Efficiency that supports a faster diagnosis

Quest’s core offerings are built on customer service, innovation, and automated technology that provide a broad range of advanced diagnostic information. We inspire action and play a crucial role in propelling health forward.

Better patient experience 

Quest is committed to helping you and your patients work together toward better health. Our 2,000 Patient Service Centers make it easy for them to schedule appointments online 24/7 and get the tests they need at places right where they live, work, and shop.
Learn more about our testing solutions for viral, bacterial, and vector-borne infections
Access our test directory to see the full range of more than 3,500 testing options
Have questions about our infectious disease testing portfolio? Send us a message!

References 

  1. Hepatitis B Foundation. Hepatitis B facts and figures. Accessed November 17, 2023. https://www.hepb.org/what-is-hepatitis-b/what-is-hepb/facts-and-figures/
  2. CDC. 2022 Hepatitis C Surveillance Report. Updated April 3, 2024. Accessed June 25, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2022surveillance/hepatitis-c.htm
  3. US Department of Health & Human Services. Statistics Overview. Updated June 15, 2023. Accessed June 25, 2024. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics
  4. Williams PM, Pratt RH, Walker WL, et al. Tuberculosis—United States, 2023. MMWR. 2024;73(12):265-270. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7312a4
  5. CDC. Clinical testing and diagnosis for hepatitis B. Published March 6, 2024. Accessed July 11, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html
  6. CDC. Clinical testing guidance for HIV. Published April 24, 2024. Accessed June 25, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/hivnexus/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html
  7. HIV.gov. Who should get tested? Updated March 6, 2023. Accessed July 12, 2024. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/who-should-get-tested
  8. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2023;329(17):1487–1494. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4899
  9. Olaru I, Beliz Meier M, Mirzayev F, et al. Global prevalence of hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection among patients with tuberculosis disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine. 2023;58:101938. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101938
  10. CDC. Reported tuberculosis in the US, 2022. Updated November 15, 2023. Accessed June 25, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/table17.htm
  11. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral hepatitis, STD, and TB prevention. HIV and viral hepatitis. 2014. Accessed September 9, 2016. www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library_factsheets_hiv_and_viral_hepatitis.pdf
  12. Hellard M, Sacks-Davis R, Gold J. Hepatitis C treatment for injection drug users: a review of the available evidence. Clin lnfect Dis. 2009;49(4):561–573. doi:10.1086/600304
  13. Suryaprasad AG, White JZ, Xu F, et al. Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(10):1411-1419. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu643
  14. Shayan SJ, Nazari R, Kiwanuka F. Prevalance of HIV and HCV among injecting drug users in three selected WHO-EMRO countries: a meta-analysis. Harm Reduction Journal. 2021;18(1):59. doi:10.1186/s12954-021-00505-4
  15. Carney T, Rooney JA, Neiman N, et al. Transmission of tuberculosis among illicit drug use linkages (total): a cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling. PloS One. 2022:17(2):e0262440. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262440
  16. Magiorkinis G, et al. Integrating phylodynamics and epidemiology to estimate transmission diversity in viral epidemics. PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9(1):e1002876. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002876
  17. CDC. Clinical screening and diagnosis for hepatitis C. Published December 19, 2023. Accessed July 7, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html
  18. CDC. Screening and testing for hepatitis B virus infection. Updated August 10, 2023. Accessed January 23, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/rr/rr7201a1.htm
  19. CDC. Recommendations for hepatitis C screening among adults. Updated March 17, 2023. Accessed January 23, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/rr/rr6902a1.htm
  20. CDC. Men who have sex with men (MSM). Updated July 22, 2021. Accessed February 12, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/msm.htm
  21. CDC. Reported tuberculosis in the US, 2022. Updated November 15, 2023. Accessed July 12, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/Exec_Commentary.html#trends
  22. Mimiaga MJ, Johnson CV, Reisner SL, et al. Barriers to routine HIV testing among Massachusetts community health center personnel. Public Health Reports. 2011;126(5):643-652. doi:10.1177/003335491112600506
  23. Easterbrook P, Johnson C, Figueroa C, et al. HIV and hepatitis testing: Global progress, challenges, and future directions. AIDS Rev. 2016;18(1):3-14.
  24. Oramasionwu CU, Moore HN, Toliver JC. Barriers to hepatitis C antiviral therapy in HIV/HCV co-infected patients in the United States: A review. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2014;28(5):228-239. doi:10.1089/apc.2014.0033
  25. Gross C, Akoth E, Price A, et al. HIV/HCV co-infection: overcoming barriers to treatment. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2016;27(4):524-529. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2016.02.009
  26. CDC. HIV risk behaviors. Updated November 13, 2019. Accessed June 25, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/estimates/riskbehaviors.html
  27. Baliashvili D, Blumberg HM, Benkeser D, et al. Association of treated and untreated chronic hepatitis C with the incidence of active tuberculosis disease: A population-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(2):245-251. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac786
  28. Aguado JM, Silva JT, Samanta P, et al. Tuberculosis and transplantation. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(6). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.tnmi7-0005-2016
  29. Kuhar DT, Henderson DK, Struble KA, et al. Updated US public health service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. 2013. Accessed July 11, 2024. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/20711

 

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